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Profit and loss is the one of major question section in Competitive exams. These formulas will be helpful for your upcoming Exams like PSC, SSC, IBPS and Other Competitive Exams. .


Cost Price(CP) : The Price at which a particular item purchased, is called its Cost Price.
Selling Price (SP): The price at which a particular item is sold, called its Selling Price.
Profit: If Selling Price of an item is more than Cost Price , then vendor is said to have a Profit.
Loss: if Selling Price of an item is less than Cost Price, the vendor said to have a Loss.


Formulas Profit = SP – CP.
Profit % = Profit/(CP)×100.
SP = ((100+Profit% )/100)×CP.
CP = (100/(100+Profit%))×SP.


Loss = CP – SP.
Loss% = Loss/(CP)×100.
SP = ((100-loss%)/100)×CP.
CP = (100/(100-loss%))×SP.


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Shortcut tricks on boats and streams are one of the most important topics in exams. These are the formulas and examples on Boats and Streams (Cyclist and the wind or Swimmer and stream) questions. These examples will help you to better understand shortcut tricks on boats and streams questions.


There are multiple types of questions asked from these topics. The speed of the boat in still water and the speed of stream will give in questions, You have to find the time taken by boat to go upstream and downstream. .
The speed of the boat in up and down stream will give in question,  you need to find the average speed of the boat.
The speed of boat to go up or down the stream will give in question, you need to find speed of boat in still water and speed of stream.
The time taken by boat to reach a place in up and downstream will given in question, you need to find the distance to the place.

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Important Maths Formulas .

(a ± b) 2 = a 2 ± 2ab + b 2 .


(a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2(ab + bc + ca).


(a + b + c + d) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + 2(ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd) .


Geometry formulas .

Perimeter ( ചുറ്റളവ് ) .


Perimeter of a square: P=4a.

    a: length of one side.


Perimeter of a rectangle: P=2(l+w).

    l: length.

    w: width.


Perimeter of a triangle: P=a+b+c.

    a, b, and c: lengths of the 3 sides.


Area ( വിസ്തീര്‍ണ്ണം ) .
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